Análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Empatía en estudiantes universitarios de Quito-Ecuador
Resumen
Este trabajo evalúa las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Empatía en el contexto universitario de Ecuador. El análisis psicométrico del instrumento se basó en una muestra no probabilística compuesta por 571 estudiantes de universidades públicas y privadas de Quito-Ecuador. A partir de análisis preliminares se plantea una versión reducida de la Escala de Empatía (8 ítems). En cuanto a la estructura interna del instrumento, mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio se verificó un modelo bifactorial de primer orden (χ² = 133,55, gl = 19, p < .001; CFI = .96; TLI = .94; GFI = .95; RMSEA = .10, IC90 % [.08-.12]), compuesto por dos dimensiones correlacionadas: Empatía Afectiva (5 ítems) y Empatía Cognitiva (3 ítems). Complementariamente, se aporta evidencia a favor de la presencia de un factor general de empatía. Por último, se registraron resultados satisfactorios en términos de confiabilidad y validez externa-nomológica. Si se considera el modelo de medición propuesto, la Escala de Empatía es un instrumento válido y confiable para medir la empatía en el estudiantado universitario. A nivel práctico, este instrumento constituye un recurso útil para el desarrollo de estrategias institucionales que contemplen el diagnóstico, monitoreo y análisis de esta habilidad social y sus dimensiones, además de contribuir metodológicamente al avance de la investigación sobre el rol académico de la empatía en el contexto universitario regional.
Citas
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